Critically evaluate the current methods of high-throughput expression Essay

Critically mensurate the current methods of high-throughput reflexion profiling in normal and disease states - Essay ExampleThese studies have provided data that was challenging to find, qualification it easy to detect diseases very early and applying the necessary intervention and treatment procedures on time reducing rates of morbidity and mortality. The first step n the quest to understand the carrell function would be understanding gene expression of the various cells of the body. In that scale, it would be easier to determine when cells atomic number 18 not expressed as expected. Scientists and researchers point out that gene expression anomalies mostly involve the messenger RNA (mRNA). desoxyribonucleic acid Microarrays are used to measure the expression of cells within a predefined mRNA. Different cells are expected to be expressed in a certain way in the mRNA. Changes in expression include over-expression or under-expression. For example, scientists have confirmed t hat breast pottycer cells express more mRNA for the tissue layer receptor (Suter, Babiss and Wheeldon, 2004). deoxyribonucleic acid methylation which is important in the normal DNA function and gene expression sack be used to detect the changes in the DNA leading to abnormal expression and disease. Hyper-methylation and hypo-methylation have been associated with large changes in some cells. Cells of the breast canter are usually hyper-methylated leading to neuroblastoma risks and response to the tamoxifen (Widschwendter et al., 2004 Martens et al., 2005). Hyper methylation has withal been associated with Leukemia, Ovarian pubic louse and colorectal cancer (Baylin, 2005). The varying magnitudes of methylation in the cells are associated with different stages of cancer development, and DNA methylation technique can be used to determine the exact stage (Costello et al, 2000). Use of DNA and genes is make very easy by the availability of data of all genomes in the human body. Rese archers can introduction this information anytime from the human genome project databases. Use of gene expression is a three step routine that involves class comparison, class prediction and analyzing the various genes sets profiles. All this information is presented on pre-processed images which are normalized to make wiz (Tarca et al, 2006). DNA microarrays are limiting in that they can only be used for know cells. This restriction necessitated the introduction of RNA sequencing in which unknown genes expression can be studied (Cloonan et al, 2008). Single cell sequencing in which the different types of healthy and cancerous cells can be sequenced individually has improved the effectiveness of DNA micro array studies. All the cells that are studies are amplified using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to achieve better(p) and accurate results (Wang and Bodovitz, 2010). Micro arrays can be used to analyze thousands of cells from different patients at once making it time effi cient unlike the previous methods of analysis. The technique provides information on DNA, RNA and the proteins simultaneously. Throughput profiling can also be done at the product level of gene expression proteins in this case are studied for any anomalies. Mass Spectrometry is used to determine the differences between normal cells and ghoulish cells for example cancer cells (Aebersold and Mann, 2003). This procedure has proved very important in detecting prostate cancer in early stages, which has been a major challenge. In this case, the fluids, peptides and serum from the prostate are examined using the SELDI down spectrometer which uses affinity capture. Some cells are